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华尔街先驱报
世卫更新应对核紧急情况储备清单
世界卫生组织1月27日更新了用于应对辐射和核紧急情况的药物储备清单，并就如何适当管理这些药物提供了政策意见。应储备的药物包括用于防止或减少辐射影响的药物，或在接触辐射后用于治疗损伤的药物。
世卫组织改善人口健康部门助理总干事内拉（Maria Neira）表示：“在辐射紧急情况下，人们可能暴露在不同强度的辐射中，小到可忽略不计，大到可危及生命。”
内拉呼吁道：“各国政府必须做好准备，保护人民的健康，并及时对紧急情况作出反应，为有需要的人迅速提供治疗，包括随时备好救生药物，用于降低辐射风险以及治疗辐射造成的伤害。”
一般而言，用于应对所有突发卫生事件的国家药物储备应包括适用于各种紧急情况的一般性医疗用品和物资，如个人防护设备、创伤工具包、液体药物、抗生素和止痛药。该药物储备清单仅包括目前已知并获得许可的用于预防或治疗人类过度接触辐射的特定药物。
辐射和核紧急情况可能导致人体暴露在强度过高的辐射下，可严重影响人体健康甚至导致死亡。因此，应确保各国政府能够对此类威胁迅速作出反应，这一点极其重要。
然而，世卫组织秘书处的年度报告指出，许多国家仍然缺乏应对辐射紧急情况的基本要素。
该年度报告设想了各种潜在的辐射或核紧急情况，包括核电站、医疗或研究设施发生泄漏，或在运输放射性材料期间发生事故，以及恶意使用放射性材料等。
典型的辐射应急药物储备应包括以下药物:
稳定性碘：用于阻止或减少甲状腺对放射性碘的吸收；
螯合促排剂（亚铁氰化铁，用于清除人体中的放射性铯；二乙烯三胺五乙酸三钠钙（Calcium-DTPA）和二乙烯三胺五乙酸三钠锌（Zinc-DTPA），用于处理超铀放射性核素造成的内污染）；
在急性辐射综合征（ARS）的情况下用于缓解骨髓损伤的细胞因子；
用于治疗呕吐、腹泻和感染的其他药物。
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