根据北美智库组织“全球足迹网络”（Global Footprint Network）的计算，今年的8月2日是人类生态资源“超支日”，也称为地球超载日。这意味着人类已经在这一年中消耗了地球生态系统能够生产的所有资源，并从这一天开始进入“超支”状态，这种状态将持续151天。根据“全球足迹网络”的估算，要使地球上人类消耗的资源得以再生，需要相当于1.7个地球的资源。
尽管处于“超支”状态，但这并不会直接影响到我们日常生活，因此可能难以引起人们对生态资源危机的警觉。然而，这是与地球上所有生物，包括人类在内，生死攸关的重要问题。
根据联合国网站的解释，8月2日这一天，人类耗尽了地球一年内能够再生的所有肉类、鱼类、谷物和森林资源。在接下来的几个月中，全球80亿人中最富有的人将会消耗不可再生的资源储备，并且没有机会处理产生的大部分废物，其中包括大量的二氧化碳排放物。这种情况将对环境、气候和未来造成严重的后果。
联合国秘书长古特雷斯最近在接受采访时警告说：“今天，不可持续的食品生产、包装和消费正在加剧气候危机，产生的温室气体排放量占全球总量的三分之一，使用了全球70%的淡水，并造成了规模惊人的生物多样性丧失。”
从1971年开始，人类就一直处于生态赤字状态，而贫富国家之间的差异巨大。根据美国智库全球足迹网络（GFN）的计算，地球超载日的日期从1971年的12月25日开始，到1999年为9月26日。之后，这个日期每年都在提前，直至2005年8月27日成为全球“地球超载日”。除了新冠疫情大流行期间，这个日期每年都在提前，这对后代的资源储备构成了影响。
然而，由于各个国家的资源、人口和生活水平等因素不同，全球各国的资源消耗速度存在巨大差异。
在2023年资源消耗最快的前十个国家中，冠军是卡塔尔，于2月10日就耗尽了自身的资源。其次是卢森堡，在2月14日耗尽了资源，加拿大、阿拉伯联合酋长国和美国并列第三，从3月13日开始“超载”。
与之相比，2023年“超支日”排在日历上靠后的前十个国家要么是贫穷国家，因此消费水平较低，要么是资源丰富的国家，要么两者兼而有之。排名前三的国家是贝宁（12月26日）、南苏丹（12月25日）、马里（12月21日）。
在西欧，大多数国家在前四五个月内就耗尽了可再生资源。北欧国家比南欧国家更快。法国在2023年的5月5日陷入生态债务状态。如果全人类都过着类似法国人的生活，我们将需要2.9个地球才能满足需求。
虽然这些计算方法受到科学家的批评，特别是涉及碳足迹的部分，但许多国家仍然非常重视，并将其视为提高人们对过度消费认识和警觉的有力宣传工具。
尽管局势看起来不容乐观，但据“全球足迹网络”称，“超载”状态并非完全不可逆转和无法弥补。如果在2050年之前每年将“超支”减少5天，地球资源将足够供应人类消费。然而要实现这一目标，需要全球共同努力，包括在消费、商品和能源生产效率以及保护自然方面采取大规模措施。
地球超载日这一天应该警醒我们，我们是如何垄断自然资源的。例如淡水就是一个很好的例子，地球上97%是海水，而对于我们的生存来说，淡水至关重要，是我们现在需要保护的稀有资源。在过去的几年里，全球变暖凸显了我们在管理淡水资源方面的缺陷，威胁着未来的水供应，并导致生态系统的复原能力大大降低。
解决方案是存在的，现在是我们付诸实践的时候了！
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