
联合国开发计划署5月30日宣布,海上救援支助船“努力号”(Ndeavor)已抵达也门红海沿岸的FSO“安全号”停靠地点,标志着联合国主导的防止石油泄漏计划正式启动水上作业。
根据开发计划署与全球领先的海上救援公司SMIT达成的合约,今年4月20日,“努力号”启程前往目标海域。在5月30日抵达时,联合国也门驻地协调员兼人道主义协调员格雷斯利登船视察,他是牵头实施危机应对计划的负责人。
接下来,专家船员将对“安全号”进行检查并进行必要的工作,以确保超过100万桶石油能够安全转移到替代储油船“航海号”(Nautica)上。
超级大型原油油船“航海号”于今年三月由开发计划署从一家比利时企业购得,经过常规维护和改造后于4月6日从中国的舟山启程。目前,“航海号”停靠在吉布提待命,并计划在6月前往“安全号”所在地接收石油。
为了应对这一危机,联合国从2021年9月开始制定了一个包含两个阶段的应对计划:第一阶段是采取紧急行动,将石油转移到安全的替代船只上;第二阶段则是安装悬链锚腿式单点系泊装置(CALM),与替代油船一起构成长期解决方案。
这一计划于2021年12月获得联合国高层批准,并委托开发计划署具体实施。去年9月,该计划也得到了也门政府和胡塞武装的正式支持。
开发计划署署长施泰纳表示,在经历了近两年的政治准备、资金筹集和项目开发之后,“努力号”的到位标志着在联合国各机构、海事律师、石油泄漏专家以及其他各方之间的大量工作和协调努力取得了成效,清楚地表明了多边合作的潜力。
然而,开发计划署指出,尽管转移石油可以避免最坏的灾难场景,但仍会有相当数量的残留
石油留在老化的“安全号”上,继续对红海构成重大的环境威胁。
为此,应对计划的两个阶段都需要得到实施,并将“安全号”拖移至环保的回收场。然而,目前仍存在2900万美元的资金缺口。
联合国也门驻地协调员兼人道主义协调员格雷斯利表示,会员国、私营公司和普通公众已经为阻止红海漏油事件捐款达1.14亿美元,并有许多其他合作伙伴为这一关键行动提供了专业知识和发起倡议。
他强调,该计划取得了“里程碑式的”进展,但在行动完全结束之前,“我们不能有丝毫的放松”。因此,“我们需要依靠慷慨的捐助方填补剩余的2900万美元预算缺口”。
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