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乌干达东北部的一所小学安装了供水系统,孩子们正在洗手。
儿基会/Proscovia Nakibuuka 乌干达东北部的一所小学安装了供水系统,孩子们正在洗手。

在全球面临严峻的水危机的背景下,为期三天的联合国2023年水事会议2023年3月23日在纽约联合国总部开幕,各国领导人齐聚一堂,共同讨论解决方案,以及时缓解这场对全球造成多重影响的危机。 

联合国秘书长古特雷斯强调,获得水资源是一项人权,对于世界发展至关重要,有利于实现人类更美好的未来。但他警告称:“水资源正处于严峻的危机之中。人类像吸血鬼一般,过度且不可持续地消耗水资源,使得这一人类命脉日益枯竭。我们打破了自然的水循环,破坏了生态系统,并污染了地下水。” 

古特雷斯指出,近四分之三的自然灾害与水有关,全球四分之一的人口无法获取安全管理的水服务或清洁饮用水。 

此外,17亿人缺乏基本卫生设施,5亿人露天排便,数以百万计的女童每天为了打水要跋涉数个小时。 

与会领导人需要寻找突破性的解决方案以应对全球水危机。目前全球面临的水资源问题包括“水太多”(如暴雨和洪水)、 “水太少”(如干旱和地下水短缺),以及“水太脏”(如饮用水受污染)。 

古特雷斯表示:“此次会议必须实现巨大飞跃,使会员国和国际社会充分认识到水资源对于促进全球的可持续发展以及推动世界和平与国际合作的重要作用,并为此采取行动保护水资源。” 

秘书长古特雷斯在联合国水事会议开幕式上发言。
联合国图片/Rick Bajornas 秘书长古特雷斯在联合国水事会议开幕式上发言。

联合国大会主席克勒希在讲话中指出,国际社会现在正处于“分水岭时刻”。 

他说:“我们知道,无法通过加快传统的解决方案来兑现我们对可持续发展、经济稳定和全球福祉的承诺。留给我们的时间已经不多了,宇宙中也没有第二个地球,这个星球上的淡水远远不够。” 

克勒希说,国际社会必须认识到水资源是“全球共同利益”,各国应“相应地调整政策、立法和融资”。他敦促各国“为人类和地球的福祉而采取行动,而不是拖延和一昧追求利益。” 他呼吁制订综合的土地利用、水资源和气候相关政策,使水资源成为“气候变化减缓和适应的杠杆”,这还有助于增强人类和大自然的复原力,并解决全球日益严峻的饥饿问题。 

他说:“我们可以携手努力,通过建立全球水资源信息系统增强各国和各利益攸关方的权能,这样的系统能够帮助我们解决水资源获取、需求和储存的难题。” 

克勒希强调,此次会议的目的不是让各国领导人“谈判立场、优势和妥协”,而是“审议基于科学、可持续、务实且一致的解决方案。” 

塔吉克斯坦总统拉赫蒙和荷兰国王威廉-亚历山大当选联合国水事会议主席
联合国图片/Rick Bajornas 塔吉克斯坦总统拉赫蒙和荷兰国王威廉-亚历山大当选联合国水事会议主席

此次会议由荷兰和塔吉克斯坦共同主办。会议开始时,拉赫蒙总统表示,这次会议具有真正的历史意义——既促进了各国对水危机带来的严重挑战的清晰认识,又推动了各国探索解决方案。 

他说:“在这一领域,我们需要携手合作,取得切实的成果,并跟进达成的协议,不辜负国际社会的期望。” 

他还表示,塔吉克斯坦拥有丰富的饮用水资源,而这些资源正在面临气候变化的威胁。近几十年来,塔吉克斯坦成千上万的冰川已经完全消融了。 

拉赫蒙总统提议制定具体的国家、区域和国际计划,以保护和有效利用所有水资源。 

他说:“这符合我们在实施全球气候议程方面的承诺,要求我们与所有合作伙伴开展富有成效的合作。为此,我们要建立起可靠的现代供水机制,并有效管理与水相关的问题。” 

他还提议于2028年在塔吉克斯坦举行下一届联合国水事会议。 

荷兰国王威廉-亚历山大表示,荷兰是一个地势低洼的沿海国家,其领土还包括加勒比海的几个岛屿,与多山的内陆国家塔吉克斯坦放在一起略显突兀,但两国加在一起“实际上代表了全球的水资源状况”。 

他表示,看到这么多的会员国以及来自企业、城镇、土著团体、妇女组织、科研机构等实体的利益相关者共同参与此次会议,他备受鼓舞。 

他补充道:“我也很高兴看到年轻一代积极主动地帮助寻找解决方案。但正如他们所说,我们不能把问题留给年轻一代去解决。我们有义务尽我们所能,应对水危机。” 

威廉-亚历山大国王向与会者提议,“寻找那些在你熟悉的领域之外的人,与他们进行交谈”,例如,外交官可以与工程师交谈,民间社会代表可以与金融从业者交谈。 

他说:“如果你是50多岁的长者,可以和比你年轻的人交谈。如果你生活在欧洲,可以与来自非洲或亚洲的人交谈,反之亦然。” 

他最后说道:“以塔吉克斯坦和荷兰为例,两国对比鲜明,但依然能够携手合作。我们在水资源问题上能够达成共识。还有很多东西有待我们去发现和实现。”  

(消息来源:联合国网站)

联合国水事会议努力寻求全球水危机的解决方案》有 876 条评论

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