根据《自然科学》杂志披露，一名53岁的艾滋病+白血病患者，在十年前接受了干细胞移植手术后，已经4年没有服用抗艾滋病药物，且没有复，宣布他的艾滋病和白血病都已经治愈。
这名患者没有公开姓名，被科学家称为“杜塞尔多夫病人”（Dusseldorf Patient），是第三个通过实验性治疗清除了艾滋病病病毒的人，同时使患者摆脱了癌症。
根据论文显示，“杜塞尔多夫病人”在2008年被确诊艾滋病，当时家庭医生对他说：别放弃，艾滋病是可以治愈的。而他根本不相信。
祸不单行。2011年1月，“杜塞尔多夫病人”又被诊断出患有急性白血病，两种“绝症”夹击，按照当时的医疗能力，他活过2年的几率低于10%。单单白血病，每年在英国夺去 2700 人的生命，在美国夺去 11000 人的生命。
2013年2月，“杜塞尔多夫病人”接受了同种异体造血干细胞移植 (HSCT)，由杜塞尔多夫大学医院的医生领导的国际研究小组监督。
这不是一般的造血干细胞移植，而是来自罕见的对艾滋病免疫的骨髓捐赠者，他们的CCR5 基因发生突变，使得他们可以对艾滋病免疫。不过也带来风险，CCR5 基因发生突变的骨髓输入正常人体后，会对正常人体产生什么样的作用，谁也无法预料。
在接受完骨髓移植后，“杜塞尔多夫病人”并没有明显的排异反应，并且他继续接受艾滋病的抗逆转录病毒治疗，也就是我们所说的“阻断药”，来防止病毒在体内复制。
在接受骨髓移植6年后，“杜塞尔多夫病人”体内已经检测不到艾滋病病毒，因此在2018年11月开始，“杜塞尔多夫病人”停止服用阻断药。
从2018年至今整整4年，“杜塞尔多夫病人”一直接受医疗团队的密切监视，最终证明“杜塞尔多夫病人”体内的艾滋病病毒没有复发的风险，宣布治愈了艾滋病病毒。
“杜塞尔多夫病人”是全球第三位宣布治愈艾滋病的病人，这意味着这种治疗方式确实有效。那么艾滋病为什么这么难以治愈呢？
原因是艾滋病病毒会将自身的一部分与人体结合，相当于处于休眠状态。
1996年，科学家发明了阻断药——抗逆转录病毒疗法 (ART) ，坚持服药可以防止艾滋病病毒复发，但是如果放弃吃药，艾滋病病毒很快就会重新攻击人体免疫系统，最终可能一个小感冒就会要了患者的命。
科学家经过数十年的研究，仍然没能找到如何清除隐藏病毒的方法。据称科学家已经找到杀死艾滋病的方法，就是“电击杀灭技术”，但是如何找到隐藏的病毒将它们唤醒并击杀，却还没有真正有效的方法。
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