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2000万个太阳大小的“失控”黑洞在太空中被发现

天文学家发现了一个失控的超大质量黑洞，似乎是从它的母星系中喷射出来的，它在太空中飞奔，一串恒星尾随在它的身后。根据该团队的研究，该研究发表在预印本服务器arXiv.org上，并已被《天体物理学杂志快报》接受发表，这一发现提供了第一个观测证据，证明超大质量黑洞可以从它们的母星系中喷射出来，在星际空间中漫游。

研究人员在使用哈勃太空望远镜观测距离地球约75亿光年的矮星系RCP 28时，发现了这个失控的黑洞。后续观测显示，这条条纹长度超过20万光年，大约是银河系宽度的两倍，被认为是由正在积极形成恒星的压缩气体组成。该气体跟踪一个黑洞，据估计该黑洞的质量是太阳的2000万倍，并以350万英里/小时(560万公里/小时)的速度远离其母星系，大约是声速的4500倍。

根据研究人员的说法，这条条纹正指向星系的中心，那里通常是超大质量黑洞的所在地。“我们在哈勃图像中发现了一条指向星系中心的细线，”该研究的主要作者、耶鲁大学物理学和天文学教授彼得·范·多库姆告诉生活科学网。“通过夏威夷的凯克望远镜，我们发现这条线和星系是相连的。通过对该特征的详细分析，我们推断，我们看到的是一个从星系中喷射出来的巨大黑洞，在其尾迹中留下了气体和新形成的恒星。”

大多数(如果不是全部的话)大型星系的中心都有超大质量黑洞。活跃的超大质量黑洞经常以高速喷射物质，这些物质可以被视为与研究人员发现的表面相似的光条纹。这些被称为天体物理喷流。

为了确定这不是他们所观察到的，范多库姆和团队研究了这条条纹，发现它不具有任何天体物理喷流的迹象。据研究人员称，虽然天体物理喷流在远离其发射源时变得越来越弱，但潜在的超大质量黑洞尾巴实际上在远离其星系起源点时变得越来越强。此外，由黑洞发射的天体物理喷流从它们的源头呈扇形散开，而这条轨迹似乎保持线性。

研究小组得出的结论是，最适合这条条纹的解释是，一个超大质量黑洞爆破了环绕其星系的气体，同时将气体压缩到足以在其尾流中引发恒星形成。范多库姆说:“如果得到证实，这将是我们第一次有明确的证据表明超大质量黑洞可以逃离星系。”

一旦这个失控的超大质量黑洞被证实，天文学家需要回答的下一个问题是，这样一个巨大的物体是如何从它的主星系中喷射出来的。范多库姆说:“最可能解释我们所看到的一切的情况是由三体相互作用引起的弹弓。”“当三个质量相似的天体在引力作用下相互作用时，这种相互作用不会导致一个稳定的结构，但通常会形成一个双星，并喷射出第三个天体。”这可能意味着这个失控的黑洞曾经是一个罕见的超大质量黑洞双星的一部分，在一次星系合并中，第三个超大质量黑洞被引入到这个伙伴关系中，抛出了它的一个成员。

天文学家不确定这些巨大的逃逸物有多普遍。范多库姆说:“人们50年前就预测了喷射出的超大质量黑洞，但没有一个被明确地观测到。大多数理论家认为，应该有很多这样的黑洞。”范多库姆补充说，需要用其他望远镜进行进一步观测，以找到在神秘条纹尖端存在黑洞的直接证据。天文学家发现了一个失控的超大质量黑洞，似乎是从它的母星系中喷射出来的，它在太空中飞奔，一串恒星尾随在它的身后。

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《2000万个太阳大小的“失控”黑洞在太空中被发现》有 3,055 条评论

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