（联合国网站消息）世界卫生组织欧洲区域办事处2月14日发布了第二份有关欧洲区域监狱人口健康状况的报告。数据显示，该区域的监狱对于新冠疫情的应对情况良好，但存在监狱过度拥挤、囚犯自杀率高和心理健康服务不足的问题。
这份报告的撰写基于2021年对36个国家进行的调研，其数据回顾了2020年欧洲区域的监狱人口健康状况。报告发现，在这36个国家当中，共计有61.3万多人遭到监禁，比2019年下降了6.6%，其中未判刑人员的比例有所增加。
精神卫生状况堪忧
数据显示，监狱中最普遍的疾病是精神障碍，患者比例约为32.8%。但在现实中，这一比例可能会更高，因为大多数非传染性疾病没有得到良好的记录，不到半数的国家提供了相关的数据。
报告同时指出，监狱中最常见的死亡原因是自杀，囚犯的自杀率远高于普通人。
探索非监禁措施
报告还显示，在五分之一的会员国当中，监狱存在过度拥挤的情况，这对囚犯的健康产生诸多负面影响。
世卫组织建议，对于对社会不构成高风险的犯罪，以及在存在更有效的措施的情况下，该区域各会员国应考虑采取替代性的非监禁措施。
提供持续保健服务
世卫组织还强调，各国需要加大投资，确保为囚犯提供持续的保健服务。仅有一半的会员国能够确保向刑满释放人员提供社区保健服务。
世界卫生组织欧洲区域主任克鲁格（Hans Henri P. Kluge）表示：“所有公民，无论其身份如何，都有权获得优质的卫生保健服务。监测监狱人口的健康状况有助于我们发现需要加强和改善的领域。监狱的卫生体系属于总体的卫生体系的一部分，一旦监狱被排除在外时，当地社区可能会受到最严重的打击。”
葡萄牙做法仍有提升空间
今年，世卫组织欧洲区域办事处的监狱卫生项目 (HIPP) 会议在葡萄牙举办，报告中对于葡萄牙的调研结果进行了详细描述。
报告显示，葡萄牙监狱里的囚犯同样能享有国家卫生服务，根据相关规定，患有严重精神健康障碍和癌症的囚犯将会被转移到专门机构接受治疗。
同时，葡萄牙监狱中的精神科医生比例高于该区域的平均水平。但是，与普通人相比，囚犯的自杀率相对较高。
报告还强调，在葡萄牙大多数监狱中，临床记录仍然以纸质为主，导致相关的数据仅能服务于地方的卫生规划，不利于制定国家卫生政策规划，这还会导致囚犯入狱或出狱后无法获得连续的卫生保健服务。
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